기술규제 개혁을 위한 의제설정 연구사업 (9차년도) - 기업의 기술규제 대응역량 제고 방안 -

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기술규제 개혁을 위한 의제설정 연구사업 (9차년도) - 기업의 기술규제 대응역량 제고 방안 - Research for Developing Agendas on Technological Regulatory Reform (9th Year) - Strategies for Enhancing Corporate Capabilities in Responding to Technological Regulations -

기술규제 개혁을 위한 의제설정 연구사업 (9차년도) - 기업의 기술규제 대응역량 제고 방안 -원문 다운로드 기술규제 개혁을 위한 의제설정 연구사업 (9차년도) - 기업의 기술규제 대응역량 제고 방안 -원문보기

보고서명
기술규제 개혁을 위한 의제설정 연구사업 (9차년도) - 기업의 기술규제 대응역량 제고 방안 -
보고서명(영문)
Research for Developing Agendas on Technological Regulatory Reform (9th Year) - Strategies for Enhancing Corporate Capabilities in Responding to Technological Regulations -

책임자 이광호
소속기관과학기술정책연구원
내부연구참여자최해옥,김권일,이승윤,김은아,서현정,추수진,하리다,김한별
외부연구참여자
발행기관 과학기술정책연구원
ISBN979-11-24145-31-9
출판년도2025
페이지333
보고서유형 일반연구보고서
연구유형 정책
표준분류 과학기술 > 과학기술일반
자료유형연구보고서
공공누리유형 4유형 (출처표시+상업적이용금지+변경금지)
주제어기술규제,의제,규제 대응역량,사례분석,실증분석

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■연구 목적
○ 국민이 인식하는 국가난제를 발굴 및 분석하고, 그중 과학기술 혁신전략의 역할이 기대되는 난제의 심층 연구를 수행

■주요 내용
1) 연구 플랫폼 운영 : 국가난제 이론 탐색 및 글로벌 심포지엄 개최, 학습 촉진 및 국가난제혁신포럼 총괄위원회 운영 등
2) 국가난제 발굴 및 정책노트 제작 : 델파이조사, 국민인식조사, 청년참여 워크숍 등을 통한 2025 10대 국가난제 선정 및 󰡔국가난제 EYE󰡕 발간
3) 주제연구 부문 : 2024년도 10대 국가난제 중 과학기술의 기대 역할이 큰 국가난제 선정 및 관련 세부 주제 진단분석 연구 수행 (순환경제, 사이버안보)
4) 타겟 연구 부문 : 역대 정부 국정과제 분석, 디지털 헬스 난제 진단, 해외 동향 중 난제 돌파를 위한 거버넌스 및 R&D의 시스템적 성공 요인 분석 등

■정책 대안
○ 제언 1. 국정의제 우선순위 및 국정운영 혁신
- 국민이 생각하는 국가난제의 위기인식 우선순위를 국정 의제에 반영, 이를 위해 대통령 직속의 최고 국정기구에 문제 해결 역할을 부여하고, 예산·수단 조정 권한 확대
○ 제언 2. 국민인식 맞춤형 정책 포트폴리오
- 정책 기획 시 국민인식의 복합적 조합을 활용, 예로 복합성이 높게 나타나는 난제는 규모 있는 정부 사업, 중장기 전략, 이어달리기 정책 등의 패키지가 필요
○ 제언 3. 국민 수용성을 고려한 정책 대응 역량 제고
- 국민감정지도를 통해 난제별로 서로 다른 감정·전망·기대가 드러났으며, 이는 정책 수용성 높은 정책 기획에 활용 가능
- 감정지도는 포트폴리오 중 리더십·정책 공감 영역에서 유용하며, 감정 유형(안타까움·무력감·답답함·분노·기대감·복합감정)에 따라 정책적 수단 다각화

Research for Developing Agendas on Technological Regulatory Reform (9th Year)
: Strategies for Enhancing Corporate Capabilities in Responding to Technological Regulations

･ Project Leader: Kwang-Ho Lee
･ Participants: Haeok Choi ･ Kwonil Kim ･ Seungyoon Lee ･ Euna Kim ･ Hyunjung Seo ･ Soojin Choo ･ Reeda Ha ･ Hanbyeol Kim

Despite continuous efforts by successive administrations, the tangible impact of regulatory reform as perceived by Korean companies has fallen short of their expectations, whereas Korea is classified as a model country for regulatory policy in OECD evaluations. This apparent contradiction suggests that, while the institutional and policy components of regulatory reform are largely in place, the mechanisms for generating results remain inefficient. In other words, regulatory reform policies to date have primarily focused on improving existing regulatory frameworks enforced by the executive branch, but resolving fundamental problems requires a shift in perspective. When regulation is viewed as an interaction between the regulator (the government) and the regulated (firms), enhancing the regulatory response capabilities of firms emerges as a viable alternative for addressing regulatory challenges. As cutting-edge technologies and industries continue to evolve, the complexity and intensity of regulation tend to increase. Consequently, regulatory innovation at the government (the regulator) level must be complemented by efforts on the part of firms (the regulated) to strengthen their regulatory response capabilities. This study is motivated by the fundamental question, “Can meaningful regulatory reform be achieved through government efforts alone?” It also addresses two additional key questions: whether the government’s current regulatory innovation systems contribute to enhancing corporate regulatory response capabilities and what characteristics distinguish firms with high levels of such capabilities. The main contents of each chapter and final policy recommendations derived from the analysis are summarized below.
Chapter 1 presents the research objectives, framework, and methodology. Building on the research questions mentioned above, this study aims to assess the regulatory response capabilities of companies in key advanced industries and to propose measures for improvement. Through a literature review and theoretical study, this research establishes an operational definition of regulatory response capability and develops an analytical framework that categorizes this capability into internal organizational capabilities and external collaborative capabilities. The primary research methods include literature and theoretical analysis, system and program evaluations, case studies of leading companies, and data-driven empirical analysis.
Chapter 2 first examines global and domestic trends in regulatory policy, highlighting a gradual shift away from rigid, ex-ante regulations toward more flexible, anticipatory systems characterized by performance- and risk-based approaches, public-private partnerships, and the use of digital technologies. Second, this chapter reviews the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) as part of its theoretical analysis to explain the relationship between a company’s organizational capabilities and its performance. Based on this analysis, the study adopts the latter as the foundation for its research framework.
Chapter 3 provides an overview of a range of government policies and programs designed to support regulatory innovation. The findings show that these policy instruments and programs are often implemented in a fragmented manner and that programs merely providing subsidies to cover part of the costs have limitations in effectively enhancing corporate regulatory response capabilities.
Chapter 4 presents the results of a case analysis of companies that have achieved outstanding performance through effective regulatory responses. From an analysis of 16 firms across three major regulatory domains – environmental sustainability/carbon neutrality, digital/AI, and safety – the study identifies a common denominator: they do not view regulation as a burden, but as an opportunity to create new business models. To build internal organizational capabilities, they ensure direct involvement by top management, establish corporate-wide response teams, develop systems for the active collection and internal sharing of regulatory information, integrate regulatory compliance at early stages of technology development, and document regulatory know-how. In terms of external collaborative capabilities, these companies are characterized by joint action through industry associations and networks, close cooperation with government and public agencies, strategic partnerships with testing/certification bodies and research institutions, and efforts to secure first-mover advantages through active participation in international standardization activities.
Chapter 5 presents the results of an empirical analysis conducted to obtain more objective evidence regarding the impact of corporate regulatory response capabilities on performance. The analysis begins with a baseline study using data from the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS, 2022) conducted by the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI) with 3,362 manufacturing firms, followed by an in-depth analysis based on a customized survey of 408 firms operating in four advanced industries (AI, advanced biotechnology, secondary batteries, and semiconductors). The KIS analysis indicates that external awareness, strategic planning, R&D activities, innovation activities, and digital competency have a statistically significant positive (+) impact on regulatory response capabilities, in descending order of magnitude. In contrast, the utilization of government support and external financing shows a negative (-) impact. An industry-level analysis further reveals key drivers in each industry: human resources in the bio and petrochemical industries, R&D activities in electrical and electronics, and external awareness and strategic planning in machinery, metals, and automobiles, reflecting clear industry-specific characteristics.
The in-depth analysis of the four advanced industries further indicates that internal organizational capabilities have a stronger impact on regulatory response performance than external collaborative capabilities, while the utilization of government support is either statistically insignificant or negatively associated with performance. Among internal organizational capabilities, regulatory expertise, strategic planning, and regulatory response R&D (in descending order) exhibit statistically significant positive effects. With respect to external collaborative capabilities, participation in standards development, engagement with public institutions, and the use of external expert organizations are found to have statistically significant positive effects (in descending order). Notably, among the various government regulatory innovation support programs, only the Regulatory Sandbox demonstrates a statistically significant effect on regulatory response performance, whereas other programs indicate no statistical significance.
Chapter 6 draws conclusions to the research questions presented above from the key analysis results and proposes policy recommendations to strengthen corporate regulatory response capabilities. The recommendations are structured around five key policy areas, as outlined below:
First, there is a need to strengthen information and human resource support and build incentive structures that facilitate the accumulation of internal organizational capabilities. In this regard, it is essential to establish integrated, demand-oriented channels for regulatory information, train regulatory specialists, and expand training for incumbent employees. Additionally, it is worth considering the development and distribution of a self-assessment tool that enables companies to assess their own readiness based on the research framework of this study.
Second, to bolster external collaborative capabilities, it is imperative to reinforce customized support systems. The Regulatory Sandbox, identified in this study as the most effective instrument, should be refined further, and broader corporate participation should be encouraged. It is also advisable to link the R&D outcomes of firms participating in government-funded R&D programs to domestic and international standard-setting activities, while promoting the scaling-up and specialization of consulting firms.
Third, multi-dimensional strategies that reflect differences across industries and firm sizes should be established. This requires a detailed assessment of needs for government support by industry and firm size, followed by the clear prioritization of strategic planning and resource allocation. In this process, the focus should shift from simple, cost-based subsidies toward designing and applying an optimal mix of direct and indirect government support measures.
Fourth, it is necessary to establish a robust institutional foundation to support policies aimed at strengthening regulatory response capabilities. To this end, explicit provisions for supporting corporate regulatory response capabilities should be incorporated into the Framework Act on Administrative Regulation, the cornerstone of Korea’s basic law on regulatory reform. Such provisions would provide a legal basis for the future expansion of co-regulatory and self-regulatory arrangements required for regulatory reform in advanced industries. Furthermore, the Regulatory Sandbox should be improved by expanding the scope of the “Quick Check” system to cover regulations spanning multiple laws and ministries and introducing incentive structures – such as tax benefits for investments in regulatory response facilities and infrastructure as well as R&D activities in this area.
Fifth, the government should develop an index to enable the continuous monitoring of regulatory response capabilities among companies and undertake international comparison as a medium-to-long-term initiative. Building on the concept of regulatory response capability proposed in this study, a “Regulatory Response Capability Index” should be developed and actively utilized in the management and evaluation of government regulatory innovation policies and programs. Over the longer term, based on domestic application results, this index should be expanded to the OECD level, thereby enabling cross-country comparisons to identify structural challenges in national regulatory reform drives and discover policy agendas that can promote international cooperation.

국문 요약 I

영문 요약 I

제1장 서론 1
제1절 연구배경 및 연구목적 1
1. 연구배경 및 필요성 1
2. 문제의식 및 연구목적 5
제2절 연구방법 7
1. 연구구조 및 연구방법 7
2. 분석의 틀 9

제2장 문헌연구 11
제1절 국내외 규제혁신 정책의 변화 양상 11
1. 국내 11
2. 국외 19
3. 시사점 35
제2절 기업 규제대응 관련 선행연구 38
1. 기업의 규제 인식 및 대응 관련 선행연구 38
2. 기업의 조직역량 및 성과 관련 연구 47

제3장 규제개선 지원정책의 성과와 한계 58
제1절 규제개선 지원제도 현황 58
1. 개요 58
2. 주요 규제 지원제도 60
제2절 규제개선 지원사업 72
1. 개요 72
2. 주요 사업 현황 74
제3절 시사점 86

제4장 규제대응 우수기업 사례분석 90
제1절 친환경･탄소중립 분야 90
1. 포스코(POSCO) 90
2. 케이씨씨(KCC) 96
3. 동원시스템즈 101
4. 성일하이텍 105
5. MK케미칼 112
6. 태화인더스트리 117
제2절 디지털･AI 분야 123
1. 엘세븐시큐리티 123
2. ㈜뤼튼테크놀로지스 129
3. 사라짐컴퍼니 133
4. 젠젠AI 137
5. 디사일로 144
제3절 안전 분야 151
1. A2Mind 151
2. 한국특수전지 155
3. 거비메타 159
4. 다윈 163
5. 크리에이텍 167
제4절 시사점 171
1. 규제대응 우수기업의 역량 171
2. 성과와 한계 176
제5장 규제 대응 역량 진단 181
제1절 기업의 규제 대응 역량 분석(한국기업혁신조사) 182
1. 분석 자료 182
2. 기업역량 측정 방법 182
3. 기업역량 복합지수 구성 185
4. 실증분석 189
5. 시사점 194
제2절 설문 개요 및 구성 196
1. 설문조사의 목적 및 설계 196
2. 분석 대상 산업 개요 및 규제 환경 197
3. 설문조사 구성 200
4. 조사 대상 선정 및 조사 수행 방법 205
제3절 설문조사 결과 208
1. 응답 기업 현황 208
2. 규제 유형별 대응 현황 및 영향 수준 211
3. 내부 조직적 역량 기초통계분석 213
3. 외부 협력적 역량 218
4. 규제 대응 성과 및 정책 수요 224
제4절 기업의 규제 대응 역량 요인 심층분석 226
1. 위계적 회귀분석 226
2. 규제 대응 역량의 세부 영향 요인 분석 237
제5절 시사점 245

제6장 결론 및 정책제언 250
제1절 결론 250
제2절 정책제언 255
1. 내부 조직적 역량 축적을 위한 정보･인력 지원 및 유인구조 구축 255
2. 외부 협력적 역량 제고를 위한 맞춤형 지원체계 강화 257
3. 기업 특성을 반영한 입체적 규제대응 역량 제고 전략 수립 261
4. 규제대응 역량 제고 지원의 제도적 기반 구축 264
5. 기업 규제대응 역량의 지속적 관리를 위한 지수 개발 및 국제비교 267

참고문헌 271

부 록 1. 기업 설문조사 설문지 285
부 록 2. 설문조사 추가 결과 293

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기술규제 개혁을 위한 의제설정 연구사업 (9차년도) - 기업의 기술규제 대응역량 제고 방안 -

Research for Developing Agendas on Technological Regulatory Reform (9th Year) - Strategies for Enhancing Corporate Capabilities in Responding to Technological Regulations -

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